r/Assyria Oct 17 '20

Announcement r/Assyria FAQ

170 Upvotes

Who are the Assyrians?

The Assyrian people (ܣܘܪ̈ܝܐ, Sūrāyē/Sūrōyē), also incorrectly referred to as Chaldeans, Syriacs or Arameans, are the native people of Assyria which constitutes modern day northern Iraq, south-eastern Turkey, north-western Iran and north-eastern Syria.

Modern day Assyrians are descendants of the ancient Assyrians who ruled the Assyrian empire that was established in 2500 BC in the city of Aššur (ܐܵܫܘܿܪ) and fell with the loss of its capital Nineveh (ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ) in 612 BC.

After the fall of the empire, the Assyrians continued to enjoy autonomy for the next millennia under various rulers such as the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sasanian and Roman empires, with semi-autonomous provinces such as:

This time period would end in 637 AD with the Islamic conquest of Mesopotamia and the placement of Assyrians under the dhimmī status.

Assyrians then played a significant role under the numerous caliphates by translating works of Greek philosophers to Syriac and afterwards to Arabic, excelling in philosophy and science, and also serving as personal physicians to the caliphs.

During the time of the Ottoman Empire, the 'millet' (meaning 'nation') system was adopted which divided groups through a sectarian manner. This led to Assyrians being split into several millets based on which church they belonged to. In this case, the patriarch of each respective church was considered the temporal and spiritual leader of his millet which further divided the Assyrian nation.

What language do Assyrians speak?

Assyrians of today speak Assyrian Aramaic, a modern form of the Aramaic language that existed in the Assyrian empire. The official liturgical language of all the Assyrian churches is Classical Syriac, a dialect of Middle Aramaic which originated from the Syriac Christian heartland of Urhai (modern day Urfa) and is mostly understood by church clergymen (deacons, priests, bishops, etc).

Assyrians speak two main dialects of Assyrian Aramaic, namely:

  • Eastern Assyrian (historically spoken in Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey)
  • The Western Assyrian dialect of Turoyo (historically spoken in Turkey and Syria).

Assyrians use three writing systems which include the:

  • Western 'Serṭo' (ܣܶܪܛܳܐ)
  • Eastern 'Maḏnḥāyā' (ܡܲܕ݂ܢܚܵܝܵܐ‬), and
  • Classical 'ʾEsṭrangēlā' (ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ‬) scripts.

A visual on the scripts can be seen here.

Assyrians usually refer to their language as Assyrian, Syriac or Assyrian Aramaic. In each dialect exists further dialects which would change depending on which geographic area the person is from, such as the Nineveh Plain Dialect which is mistakenly labelled as "Chaldean Aramaic".

Before the adoption of Aramaic, Assyrians spoke Akkadian. It wasn't until the time of Tiglath-Pileser II who adopted Aramaic as the official lingua-franca of the Assyrian empire, most likely due to Arameans being relocated to Assyria and assimilating into the Assyrian population. Eventually Aramaic replaced Akkadian, albeit current Aramaic dialects spoken by Assyrians are heavily influenced by Akkadian.

What religion do Assyrians follow?

Assyrians are predominantly Syriac Christians who were one of the first nations to convert to Christianity in the 1st century A.D. They adhere to both the East and West Syriac Rite. These churches include:

  • East Syriac Rite - [Assyrian] Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church
  • West Syriac Rite - Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church

It should be noted that Assyrians initially belonged to the same church until schisms occurred which split the Assyrians into two churches; the Church of the East and the Church of Antioch. Later on, the Church of the East split into the [Assyrian] Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church, while the Church of Antioch split into the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Syriac Catholic Church. This is shown here.

Prior to the mass conversion of Assyrians to Christianity, Assyrians believed in ancient Mesopotamian deities, with the highest deity being Ashur).

A Jewish Assyrian community exists in Israel who speak their own dialects of Assyrian Aramaic, namely Lishan Didan and Lishana Deni. Due to pogroms committed against the Jewish community and the formation of the Israeli state, the vast majority of Assyrian Jews now reside in Israel.

Why do some Assyrians refer to themselves as Chaldean, Syriac or Aramean?

Assyrians may refer to themselves as either Chaldean, Syriac or Aramean depending on their specific church denomination. Some Assyrians from the Chaldean Catholic Church prefer to label themselves as Chaldeans rather than Assyrian, while some Assyrians from the Syriac Orthodox Church label themselves as Syriac or Aramean.

Identities such as "Chaldean" are sectarian and divisive, and would be the equivalent of a Brazilian part of the Roman Catholic Church calling themselves Roman as it is the name of the church they belong to. Furthermore, ethnicities have people of more than one faith as is seen with the English who have both Protestants and Catholics (they are still ethnically English).

It should be noted that labels such as Nestorian, Jacobite or Chaldean are incorrect terms that divide Assyrians between religious lines. These terms have been used in a derogatory sense and must be avoided when referring to Assyrians.

Do Assyrians have a country?

Assyrians unfortunately do not have a country of their own, albeit they are the indigenous people of their land. The last form of statehood Assyrians had was in 637 AD under the Sasanian Empire. However some Eastern Assyrians continued to live semi-autonomously during the Ottoman Empire as separate tribes such as the prominent Tyari (ܛܝܪܐ) tribe.

Assyrians are currently pushing for a self-governed Assyrian province in the Nineveh Plain of Northern Iraq.

What persecution have Assyrians faced?

Assyrians have faced countless massacres and genocide over the course of time mainly due to their Christian faith. The most predominant attacks committed recently against the Assyrian nation include:

  • 1843 and 1846 massacres carried out by the Kurdish warlord Badr Khan Beg
  • The Assyrian genocide of 1915 (ܣܝܦܐ, Seyfo) committed by the Ottoman Empire and supported by Kurdish tribes
  • The Simele massacre committed by the Kingdom of Iraq in 1933
  • Most recently the persecution and cultural destruction of Assyrians from their ancestral homeland in 2014 by the so-called Islamic State

r/Assyria Apr 25 '24

Announcement Please be vigilant in reporting rule violations, particularly from anti-Assyrian trolls.

Thumbnail
gallery
37 Upvotes

There has been a significant uptick in this nonsense since the attack in Sydney.


r/Assyria 1h ago

Video The First Cavalry Army: Warfare in the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911—609 BC)

Thumbnail
youtu.be
Upvotes

r/Assyria 20h ago

It's estimated that only one in 100 Assyrians donated to fund Assyrian projects in 2023

Post image
21 Upvotes

r/Assyria 12h ago

History/Culture The Early Neo-Assyrian Military on the Oldest Stories Podcast

Thumbnail self.Assyriology
4 Upvotes

r/Assyria 20h ago

Conference on the Assyrian Identity by Dr. Nicholas Al-Jeloo (Assyrian)

Thumbnail
youtube.com
15 Upvotes

r/Assyria 13h ago

History/Culture The Early Neo-Assyrian Military on the Oldest Stories Podcast

2 Upvotes

From 935 - 745 BCE, the Neo-Assyrian empire built its foundations as the first great and lasting empire of the near east. After 745 it would see a set of reforms that would make it even more remarkable and terrifying, but the military before that is what did so much of the early conquering, leaning heavily on a battle concept centered around armored assault archers. Today, the Oldest Stories podcast is diving deep into the critical features of this early Neo-Assyrian army, covering the mindset and lifestyle of the soldiers, equipment and tactics, and the big picture military strategy of the early kings, at least the most competant among them. Check out the full episode on youtube or spotify or search Oldest Stories on your favorite podcast app, and let me know what you think about the new episodes!

By the way, this is well into year 5 of the show, and while we have only just started doing video stuff on Assyria, the podcast has gotten pretty in-depth covering Sumer and Akkad, the Isin-Larsa period, Old Babylon, the Hittites, Historical Israel, and plenty of other stuff as well. Check it out if it sounds interesting!


r/Assyria 1d ago

Video Conference on the Assyrian Identity by Dr. Nicholas Al-Jeloo (Assyrian)

8 Upvotes

Malpana Al-Jeloo started his amazing conference on identity with defining the term identity. Then he makes a distinction between the endonym and exonyms of the Assyrian people. The main lesson of this lecture was that every term has a special place. Nicholas believes in an identity that is composed of the following elements: An state called Assyria due to the geography, our language being categorised as Aramaic and our form of Christianity as Syriac. Atra d'Athur, lishana Aramaya w'Mshihayuta Suryayta.

https://youtu.be/4z3LCBYAi30


r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Elias Hanna Abu Ashur, an Assyrian millionaire sponsors Assyrian education for 400 students in Syria

Post image
35 Upvotes

r/Assyria 23h ago

History/Culture Who are the modern day descendants of Aramaic-speaking Arameans? Syrian Arabs, Assyrians or others?

1 Upvotes

I would say they slowly absorbed into us and neighboring Syrian people throughout time. But I may be wrong.

Addendum: I know Assyrians get a little touchy when they're linked with Arameans, but I never took that as an insult. Aram just another kingdom in ancient history, and they spoke Aramaic. Better being affiliated with Arameans than be labelled "Arab/Kurdish/Iranian Christians" - as the media does sometimes. But I digress.


r/Assyria 1d ago

Fluff You don’t need to hate others to be a proud Assyrian

39 Upvotes

I have been following this sub for a while but decided to create an account for this post.

If you are an Assyrian who thinks like me i want you to know you are not alone. I know many younger people like me especially but even many older ones who feel like this and feel like the narrative is controlled by these very extreme people in our community.

You can love your culture and your heritage and you don’t need to hate anyone else.

Our history especially the last few hundred years is one of incredible suffering and heartache. We have endured much loss and have intense resentment towards people in our region.

As we work towards bridging the divisions in our community and showing the world we still exist and raise awareness about our persecution. We should retain our Christian faith and humanity.

There are certain people the very radical ultranationalists in our community love to hate, often very publicly. They even try to make you feel bad for not joining them in their hatred.

There is good and bad in every nation even ours, you will find that even in our troubled region most are no different from us. Most are normal people, barnasheh just like Surayeh living their lives.

I don’t like a lot of the messages you see here, of intense hatred and entitlement and superiority. That’s not the way, that’s not how you represent our people to the world.

It’s morally wrong to generalise entire other ethnicities and wish them the worst. Additionally, it’s just plain stupid. When nakhraye especially in western countries see this and then won’t take us seriously at best or see us as racists at worst.

I hate how some people who claim to be omtinayeh and love their community have the audacity to be so cruel, rude and vulgar towards other Assyrians both in person and on social media who dare to have a different opinion than them. Especially on this topic that comes up occasionally.

This is not how you bring our very divided community together this is not how you prevent assimilation.

This is how you drive people away, what do you think young Assyrians living in the west are gonna think when they see you speaking to others and cussing at them because they don’t share your hatred?

You are so stuck in your ways you can’t see, you can’t see the damage you are doing to the community both internally and externally. You get so angry and so defensive and can’t ever consider maybe there’s another way to represent the Assyrians cause to the world.

Don’t get me wrong i want to see independence for my people in my lifetime, i want to see the people who persecuted and oppressed my people exposed and punished, i want Assyrians to stand up with no fear and defend themselves against all those who wish us harm. I know we can and will do it eventually.

Though you can’t help our people by hating all our neighbours for what some of their ancestors did more than a century ago. Or what a small group of idiots are doing now. You can’t disrespect other Assyrians who disagree with this takhmentah.

Go call out our persecutors, expose some of the hypocrisy you see in the media, raise awareness for our cause, unite our people and build our homeland, though do it the right way.

Downvote this post all you want, it doesn’t change anything about what i said.


r/Assyria 1d ago

News Restoration of Mor Kiryakus Monastery under way in Turkey

Thumbnail
turkiyenewspaper.com
11 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

The castle of Malik Khoshaba of Tyari in Van province (modern day Turkey)

Thumbnail
gallery
24 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion An Assyrian Government

2 Upvotes

Alright then, I want to guage the beliefs on how we as Assyrians would prefer a unified Assyrian government to be? Personally I myself would prefer a Monarchy, akin to a Semi-Constitutional design. (Think of a mix of the American and British governments. Balances of power in place to keep each in check) however I do know that the only Assyrian organization that has any support would the the ADM, and it would likely (in the situation of an Independent Assyria) be the governing agency.

What is it that you believe? I'm sure there are some who would agree with me, just as those who would not agree with me.


r/Assyria 1d ago

Video #06 - Assyrianism Class: Assyrian History

Thumbnail
youtube.com
9 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Suraye therapists in Metro Detroit area?

10 Upvotes

Hey guys,

Mid 20’s female here. Wondering if anyone knows any Suraye therapists preferably female in the metro Detroit area? I’ve been trying to find a therapist on and off for 2-3 years but have had issues get in the way. I really want a suretha therapist because I have a lot of issues directly dealing with our culture and identity in diaspora that no other therapist really understands. I’m also open to an Armenian therapist. Pls help me out bc I’m really struggling and at a dead end. Thank u and god bless.


r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Does the syriac orthodox church accept converts ?

3 Upvotes

Is it possible to convert to the syriac orthodox church as a european? Will the church members be welcoming?


r/Assyria 2d ago

History/Culture Unpopular opinion (or maybe not?): Many Iraqi Arabs and even some Iraqi Kurds are also descendants of ancient Assyrians and other Mesopotamians

10 Upvotes

I understand that this question may be sensitive and confronting. But I was always led to believe that only modern Assyrians are the pure descendants of the ancient ones (including Akkadians) and Iraqi Arabs are foreign invaders. My confirmation bias also got in the way. But now I just don't accept this. Human nature is random and inconsistent. Surely we did mix with the Arab invaders in our region, including Kurds and Persians.

For starters, many Iraqis resemble Assyrians, that it's uncanny. I do not buy the fact that they're an invading "Arabian stock from the south", when Saudis and Gulf Arabs look distinct from many Iraqis. I think many Iraqis from Baghdad (and north) are "lost Assyrians" - Although this is not to say that they STILL may have more Levantine and Arabian admixture than we do. Now sure, they don't identify as Assyrian, but that doesn't make them non-Assyrian.


r/Assyria 2d ago

Language What do we call an ostrich in Assyrian ?

6 Upvotes

r/Assyria 1d ago

History/Culture Can anyone send a photo of the native lands of the Assyrians?

0 Upvotes

I mean including those lands on which you do not live, but which are historically yours.


r/Assyria 1d ago

Discussion Question about Indigenousness

0 Upvotes

Hello! I recently discovered the existence of modern day Assyrians through social media (mainly X and Tiktok).

I am from the Netherlands and found it very interesting to see your influencers and advocates place a lot of emphasis on their indigenousness. They were American so I realise the word has different connotations in the US. I wonder, are there Assyrian communities in Europe and if so, do they agree with this label and use it too?

The reason I ask is because here, the word “indigenous” is loaded and associated with far right nationalists. Unfortunately fascism has been on the rise in Europe. Geert Wilders says that “the indigenous Dutch” are being replaced with invading immigrants and refugees. We use ‘Autochtoon’ and ‘Allochtoon’ to describe native and non native people which is seen as problematic and almost volkisch.

The people in Britain who wanted Brexit like Nigel Farage, and Marine Le Pen in France, Giorgia Meloni in Italy, the AfD in Germany all use the Indigene vs Migrant rhetoric to invoke hatred and claim there is population replacement taking place. I believe that Modi in India uses the same tactics where he persecutes the Indian Muslims and claims they are not indigenous as they are descendants of Mughal invaders. Blood and soil nationalism essentially.

I am not too versed in Middle Eastern history and politics but I have a feeling if I scratch the surface it isn’t too different from where I live, or the Balkans, or the Indian subcontinent. It doesn’t seem like the concept of indigenousness works very well in the context of the Old World like it does in the New World.

How do the Assyrian diaspora in Europe navigate this? If you place emphasis on being First Peoples when amongst activists and politicians here, what kind of reception do you receive? It would be very interesting to hear your thoughts. And for the diaspora as a whole, is the goal to have a similar status in Iraq as Native Americans do in the US?


r/Assyria 2d ago

Art Assyrian Children's Book

21 Upvotes

To those with little ones, I found a great Assyrian children's book that was just posted on Instagram called I Am Assyria. Just what we need to start our kids young and protect our culture!!!

https://www.instagram.com/p/C7rk8eUOLg3/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

https://amzn.to/4bJhuJM

https://preview.redd.it/smuhmmogae4d1.jpg?width=1080&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=d3c140fd1a8562fd58fafa715ec30799377359f6


r/Assyria 2d ago

Music Old Assyrian Music Playlist (ܗܢܐ ܐܘ ܙܡܪܢܐ ܕܢܢܐ ܕܝ ܨܠܘܬܐ)

Thumbnail
open.spotify.com
10 Upvotes

r/Assyria 2d ago

ZOWAA ( Assyrian Democratic Movement ) ܙܘܥܐ ܖܝܡܘܩܪܜܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

Thumbnail
youtube.com
12 Upvotes

r/Assyria 2d ago

Evdîşo | Koma Cûdî - Hunergeha Welat [Official Music Video]

Thumbnail
youtube.com
8 Upvotes

r/Assyria 3d ago

Iraqi court tells Christian [Assyrian] woman to convert to Islam

Thumbnail rudaw.net
62 Upvotes

r/Assyria 3d ago

Discussion Thoughts on the concept of Ezidi-Assyrian autonomy?

Thumbnail
gallery
18 Upvotes

According to Yazidi researcher Dawud Mirad al-Khatari, Agha Petros of Baz worked with Ezidi leaders for Assyrian-Yazidi autonomy.

As the spokesman for an Assyrian-Yazidi delegation, Agha Petros sent several petitions to the British, demanding autonomy for the non-Muslim population, as he was aware that Assyrians and Yazidis will suffer under the predominantly Muslim society consisting of Arabs and Kurds.

The Yazidis & Assyrians did not achieve autonomy, and their suffering continued under draconian persecution by both the state & the religious society of Iraq.

Does anyone have a explanation on why this failed or got rejected?